分类： 核科学技术 >> 核科学与技术 提交时间： 2023-11-17
摘要： Accurate measurements of the radon exhalation rate helps identify and evaluate radon risk regions in the environment. Among these measurement methods, the closed-loop method is frequently used. However, traditional experiments are insufficient or cannot analyze the radon migration and exhalation patterns at the gassolid interface in the accumulation chamber. The CFD-based technique was applied to predict the radon concentration distribution in a limited space, allowing radon accumulation and exhalation inside the chamber intuitively and visually. In this study, three radon exhalation rates were defined and two structural ventilation tubes were designed for the chamber. The consistency of the simulated results with the variation in the radon exhalation rate in a previous experiment or analytical solution was verified. The effects of the vent tube structure and flow rate on the radon uniformity in the chamber; permeability, insertion depth, and flow rate on the radon exhalation rate; and the effective diffusion coefficient on back diffusion were investigated. Based on the results, increasing the insertion depth from 1 to 5 cm decreased the effective decay constant by 19.55%, whereas the curve-fitted radon exhalation rate decreased (lower than the initial value) as the deviation from the initial value increased by approximately 7%. Increasing the effective diffusion coefficient from 2.7710-7 to 7.7710-6 m2 s-1 made the deviation expand from 2.14% to 15.96%. The conclusion is that an increased insertion depth helps reduce leakage in the chamber, subject to notable back-diffusion, and that the closed-loop method is reasonably used for porous media with a low effective diffusion coefficient in view of the back-diffusion effect. The CFD-based simulation is expected to provide guidance for the optimization of the radon exhalation rate measurement method and, thus, the accurate measurement of the radon exhalation rate.
分类： 动力与电气工程 >> 工程热物理学 提交时间： 2017-03-31 合作期刊: 《热科学学报》
摘要： Theoretical and numerical analysis on the fluid flow and heat transfer inside a LNG evaporator is conducted in this work. Methane is used instead of LNG as the operating fluid. This is because; methane constitutes over 80% of natural gas. The analytical calculations are performed using simple mass and energy balance equations. The analytical calculations are made to assess the pressure and temperature variations in the steam tube. Multiphase numerical simulations are performed by solving the governing equations (basic flow equations of continuity, momentum and energy equations) in a portion of the evaporator domain consisting of a single steam pipe. The flow equations are solved along with equations of species transport. Multiphase modeling is incorporated using VOF method. Liquid methane is the primary phase. It vaporizes into the secondary phase gaseous methane. Steam is another secondary phase which flows through the heating coils. Turbulence is modeled by a two equation tur- bulence model. Both the theoretical and numerical predictions are seen to match well with each other. Further pa- rametric studies are planned based on the current research.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 核科学与技术 提交时间： 2024-03-21
摘要： Small-break superposed station blackout (SBO) accidents are the basic design accidents of nuclear power plants. Under the condition of a small break in the cold leg, SBO further increases the severity of the accident, and the steam bypass discharging system (GCT) in the second circuit can play an important role in guaranteeing core safety. To explore the influence of the GCT on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the primary circuit, RELAP5 software was used to establish a numerical model based on a typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant. Five different small breaks in the cold-leg superposed SBO were selected, and the impact of the GCT operation on the transient response characteristics of the primary and secondary circuit systems was analyzed. The results show that the GCT plays an indispensable role in core heat removal during an accident; otherwise, core safety cannot be guaranteed. The GCT was used in conjunction with the primary safety injection system during the placement process. When the break diameter was greater than a certain critical value, the core cooling rate could not be guaranteed to be less than 100 K/h; however, the core remained in a safe state.
分类： 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间： 2017-11-02 合作期刊: 《热科学学报》
摘要： How to use the oven to bake delicious food is the most concerned problem of the designers and users of the oven. For this intent, this paper analyzed the heat distribution in the oven based on the basic operation principles and proceeded the data simulation of the temperature distribution on the rack section. Constructing the differential equation model of the temperature distribution changes in the pan when the oven works based on the heat radiation and heat transmission, based on the idea of utilizing cellular automation to simulate heat transfer process, used ANSYS software to proceed the numerical simulation analysis to the rectangular, round-cornered rectangular, elliptical and circular pans and giving out the instantaneous temperature distribution of the corresponding shapes of the pans. The temperature distribution of the rectangular and circular pans proves that the product gets overcooked easily at the corners and edges of rectangular pans but not of a round pan.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-04-26
摘要： Small-scale measurements of the radon exhalation rate using the flow-through and closed-loop methods were conducted on the surface of a uranium tailing pond to better understand the differences between the two methods.An abnormal radon exhalation behavior was observed, leading to computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulations in which dynamic radon migration in a porous medium and accumulation chamber was considered.Based on the in-situ experimental and numerical simulation results, variations in the radon exhalation rate subject to permeability, flow rate, and insertion depth were quantified and analyzed. The in-situ radon exhalation rates measured using the flow-through method were higher than those measured using the closed-loop method, which could be explained by the negative pressure difference between the inside and outside of the chamber during the measurements. The consistency of the variations in the radon exhalation rate between the experiments and simulations suggests the reliability of CFD-based techniques in obtaining the dynamic evolution of transient radon exhalation rates for diffusion and convection at the porous medium–air interface. The synergistic effects of the three factors (insertion depth, flow rate, and permeability) on the negative pressure difference and measured exhalation rate were quantified, and multivariate regression models were established, with positive correlations in most cases; the exhalation rate decreased with increasing insertion depth at a permeability of 1×10−11 m2. CFD-based simulations can provide theoretical guidance for improving the flow-through method and thus achieve accurate measurements
分类： 机械工程 >> 机械制造工艺与设备 提交时间： 2024-03-28
摘要： The heat transfer mechanism andtemperature distributioninlaser weldingapplications have a great impact on the quality of the weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and the resultant microstructure characterizations of the welding process. In this study, the effects of pulsedlaser weldingparameters including the frequency and pulse width on the melt velocity field andtemperature distributionin dissimilarlaser weldingof stainless steel 420 (S.S 420) and stainless steel 304 (S.S 304) was investigated. A comprehensive comparison was conducted through the numerical simulation and artificial neural network (ANN). The results of numerical simulation indicated thatbuoyancy forceandMarangonistress are the most important factors in the formation of the flow of liquid metal. Also, increasing the pulse width from 8 to 12ms due to increasing the pulse energy, the temperature in the center of the melt pool increased about 250°C. This leads to increasing the convective heat transfer in the molten pool and heat affected zone (HAZ). The temperature difference at a distance of 1mm from the beam center at both metals at a frequency of 15 and 20Hz is bout 58 and 75°C, respectively. Furthermore, reducing the frequency to 5Hz, due to diminishment of thermal energy absorption time, has clearly decreased the weld penetration depth in the workpiece. According to the ANN results, increasing both pulse duration and frequency has the significant effect on increasing melting ratio from 0.4 to 0.8 compared to the other input parameters. The ANN results confirmed that under the same input conditions, because of the differences in thermal conductivity coefficient, absorption coefficient and melting point of the two pieces, S.S 304 has experienced higher temperatures about 10% more than S.S 420. Also, among the 13 back propagation learning algorithms, the Bayesian regularization algorithm had the best performance. Among the number of different neurons in the hidden layer, comparison was performed to prevent network overfitting. The maximum relative error of network output data and target data for S.S 304 and S.S 420 temperatures and melting ratio were 7.297, 10.16 and 11.33%, respectively.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2023-08-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Railways built in cold, snowy, and lightly populated areas are subjected to wind and snow disasters. In this study, we selected a snow hazard prevention and control section of the AltayZhundong Railway in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China as the research object. We investigated the deposited snowfall variation characteristics on the two sides and in the embankment pavement area of snow fences with different porosities, fence heights, and arrangement distances using single-factor tests and orthogonal tests based on global atmospheric reanalysis climate data, field survey data, and a multi-phase flow analysis model. The results showed significant differences in the characteristics of snow cover distribution and snow cover thickness between the embankment and the cutting in the absence of snow protection measures. The maximum snow cover thickness of the embankment pavement decreased by 12.6% relative to the cutting pavement. The snow cover thickness of the embankment exhibited an increasing trend from windward shoulder to leeward shoulder, whereas the snow cover thickness of the cutting presented a declining trend from windward shoulder to leeward toe. In the collaborative prevention and control of snow fences and embankments, the three factors can be ranked in terms of their sensitivity to deposited snowfall within the influence scope of snow fences as follows: fence height>arrangement distance>porosity. At the same time, fence height yielded a significant relationship for the influence scope of snow fences (Pfence height>arrangement distance. For the embankment protection of the AltayZhundong Railway against wind and snow, snow fence with a porosity of 75%, a fence height of 4.8 m, and an arrangement distance from the embankment of 60 m produced the best snow control effect. By revealing the characteristics of snow cover distribution along railway subgrade and the protective effect of snow fences, this study provides valuable references for the engineering applications of railway construction in areas prone to wind and snow disasters.
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2023-09-07
摘要： Heliumxenon cooled microreactors are a vital technological solution for portable nuclear reactor power sources. To examine the convective heat transfer behavior of heliumxenon gas mixtures in a core environment, numerical simulations are conducted on a cylindrical coolant channel and its surrounding solid regions. Validated numerical methods are used to determine the effect and mechanisms of power and its distribution, inlet temperature and velocity, and outlet pressure on the distribution and change trend of the axial Nusselt number. Furthermore, a theoretical framework that can describe the effect of power variation on the evolution of the thermal boundary layer is employed to formulate an axial distribution correlation for the Nusselt number of the coolant channel, under the assumption of a cosine distribution for the axial power. Based on the simulation results, the correlation coefficients are determined, and a semi-empirical relationship is identified under the corresponding operating conditions. The correlation derived in this study is consistent with the simulations, with an average relative error of 5.3% under the operating conditions. Finally, to improve the accuracy of the predictions near the entrance, a segmented correlation is developed by combining the Kays correlation with the aforementioned correlation. The new correlation reduces the average relative error to 2.9% and maintains satisfactory accuracy throughout the entire axial range of the channel, thereby demonstrating its applicability to turbulent heat transfer calculations for heliumxenon gas mixtures within the core environment. These findings provide valuable insights into the convective heat transfer behavior of a heliumxenon gas mixture in a core environment.
分类： 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间： 2018-03-15
摘要： Direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional incompressible ows at high Reynolds number using the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations is challenging. In order to obtain accurate simulations, very #12;ne meshes are necessary, and such simulations are increasingly important for modern engineering practices, such as understanding the behavior around high speed trains, which is the target application of this research. To avoid the time step size constraint imposed by the CFL number and the #12;ne spacial mesh size, we investigate some fully implicit methods, and focus on how to solve the large nonlinear system of equations at each time step on large scale parallel computers. In most of the existing implicit Navier-Stokes solvers, segregated velocity and pressure treatment is employed. In this paper, we focus on the Newton-Krylov-Schwarz method for solving the mono-lithic nonlinear system arising from the fully coupled #12;nite element is cretizationof the Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured meshes. In the subdomain, LU or point-block ILU is used as the local solver. We test the algorithm for some three-dimensional complex unsteady ows, including ows passing a high speed train,on a supercomputer with thousands of processors. Numerical experiments show that the algorithm has superlinear scalability with over three thousand processors for problems with tens of millions of unknowns.
分类： 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间： 2017-11-02 合作期刊: 《热科学学报》
摘要： This paper deals with the output improvement of heating and cooling cycle by using the work-fluid including phase change material. The experimental study is carried out by heat exchange between work-fluid and heat transfer surface. The work-fluid is flown to a high temperature or a low temperature heat transfer surface from the narrow path. In order to increase the amount of the heat transmission, a trace of Diethylether (boiling point 34.8 degrees C), as a phase change material (PCM), is added to the work-fluid. The parameters of the experiment are additive amount of PCM, the rotational speed of the displacer piston and the temperature of heat transfer surface. It is clarified that the increasing of engine cycle output is brought by the PCM addition. The effect of PCM addition is evaluated by output ratio which is defined from the experimental cycle output data. The requirements for acquiring the increasing effect of output by adding PCM are clarified.
分类： 动力与电气工程 >> 工程热物理学 提交时间： 2018-01-24 合作期刊: 《热科学学报》
摘要： The effects of the number of significant figures (NSF) in the interpolation polynomial coefficients (IPCs) of the weighted sum of gray gases model (WSGM) on results of numerical investigations and WSGM optimization were investigated. The investigation was conducted using numerical simulations of the processes inside a pulverized coal-fired furnace. The radiative properties of the gas phase were determined using the simple gray gas model (SG), two-term WSGM (W2), and three-term WSGM (W3). Ten sets of the IPCs with the same NSF were formed for every weighting coefficient in both W2 and W3. The average and maximal relative difference values of the flame temperatures, wall temperatures, and wall heat fluxes were determined. The investigation showed that the results of numerical investigations were affected by the NSF unless it exceeded certain value. The increase in the NSF did not necessarily lead to WSGM optimization. The combination of the NSF (CNSF) was the necessary requirement for WSGM optimization.
分类： 动力与电气工程 >> 工程热物理学 提交时间： 2017-06-26 合作期刊: 《热科学学报》
摘要： Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has its significance during the combustion of heavy hydrocarbons in the internal combustion (IC) engines. Owing to its importance the measurements of H2O2 dissociation rate have been reported mostly using the shock tube apparatus. These types of experimental measurements are although quite reliable but require high cost. On the other hand, numerical simulations provide low cost and reliable solutions especially using computation fluid dynamics (CFD) software. In the current study an experimental shock tube flow is modeled using open access platform OpenFOAM to investigate the thermal decomposition of H2O2. Using two different convective schemes, limitedLinear and upwind, the propagation of shock wave and resultant dissociation reaction are simulated. The results of the simulations are compared with the experimental data. It is observed that the rate constant measured using the simulation data deviates from the experimental results in the low temperature range and approaches the experimental values as the temperature is raised.
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